Elements of Data Collection

The collection of data for process evaluation is a crucial part of the lean Six Sigma transformation. The direction and success of all ensuing efforts depends upon the thoroughness and accuracy of this initial step. In order to ensure the highest quality data is gathered, it is imperative that the evaluation team leader or lean Six Sigma consulting professional formulate a data collection plan. The plan must address any issues that could prevent stability and reliability in the collection process or measurement systems.

Failure to create a data plan carries significant risks. If the data proves to be unreliable or the measurement system unstable over the collection process, the information is useless. A second collection effort will be required, eating up additional time, funding and manpower. If unreliable data is not caught at this point, all decisions and improvements created and implemented from it is doomed from the start.

Data Collection Phases

Building a useful data collection plan must take all phases of the process into consideration. Clearly defined steps must be outlined for the Pre-Collection, Collection and Post-Collection Phases. Definitions, expectations and methodology should be included for each step within the three phases to ensure the most accurate collection and review methodology. Better understanding and implementation results from presenting this information as clearly as possible.

  • Pre-Collection Activities
    • Step 1 - Specify the goals and objectives for data collection. A summary of the project should be included, as well as an overview of the data required, the reasoning behind collection, the impact of this data on the team and how it will be used should be outlined too.
    • Step 2 - Develop clear definitions and methodology for data collection. This step involves determining what data is to be gathered and how. Operational definitions that simplify measurement, such as how values will be assigned, the amount of data needed and time frame in which it is gathered should be specified.
    • Step 3 - Ensure soundness of data collection methodology. Valid data is repeatable, reproducible, accurate and stable. Data collection methods must yield values that can be repeated within a set situation (one operator/one machine), can be repeated when applied to a different situation (different operator on the same piece of machinery), show little variation between the values gathered and the known standard value, and consistent over time.
  • Collection Activities
    • Step 4 - Oversee the process to ensure collectors are adequately prepared and that the defined methodology is followed. Consistent or periodic oversight of the collection by team leaders or lean Six Sigma consulting professionals safeguards the quality and consistency of information gathered.
  • Post-Collection Activities
    • Step 5 - Review the data's validity, checking its repeatability, reproducibility, accuracy and stability. If the information fails in any of these categories, team leaders or lean Six Sigma consulting providers must re-examine the collection methodology.